![]() ![]() Despite its rarity, it has the capacity to adversely affect the prognosis of breast cancer and drastically influence treatment choice. It is very rare for intercostal lymph nodes to be the extra-axillary site of metastasis in breast cancer, and it has been little reported on in the literature. The presence of intercostal metastasis is out the range of these regional lymph nodes. According to the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition manual, regional lymph node metastasis normally travels to the ipsilateral axillary, supraclavicular, subclavicular, and internal mammary lymph nodes. However, lymphatic pathways running from the breast, via intercostal spaces, to parasternal lymph vessels have also been identified. The axillary lymph nodes are the primary group responsible for lymphatic drainage in the breast and, consequently, are the most common location for breast cancer metastasis. 5Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.4Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.3Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China.2Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.1Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.Sentinel lymph node biopsy.Yurong Zhou 1 Jinxuan Hou 2 Ning Meng 3 Staiculescu Daniel 4 Jiang Chen 4,5 * Liying Xu 1 * Spotting the difference: swollen lymph nodes in leukaemia VS during an infection. Unilateral axillary adenopathy in the setting of COVID-19 vaccine. Mehta N, Sales RM, Babagbemi K, Levy AD, McGrath AL, Drotman M, et al. Lymphatic function in autoimmune diseases. Schwartz N, Chalasani MLS, Li TM, Feng Z, Shipman WD, Lu TT. Leukemia - chronic lymphocytic leukemia - CLL: symptoms and signs. Signs and symptoms of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL).Īmerican Society of Clinical Oncologists. Lymph nodes and cancer.Īmerican Cancer Society. Unexplained lymphadenopathy: evaluation and differential diagnosis. Acute nonspecific mesenteric lymphadenitis: more than "no need for surgery". Helbling R, Conficconi E, Wyttenbach M, et al. A case of inguinal lymphogranuloma venereum imitating malignancy on CT imaging. Ultrasonography of the mediastinum: Techniques, current practice, and future directions. Swollen lymph nodes įuso L, Varone F, Magnini D, Calvello M, Lo greco E, Richeldi L. Lymphatic function and the immune response to microbial or viral infection. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of primary Epstein-Barr virus infection among children presented with cervical lymphadenopathy. A clinical decision rule for streptococcal pharyngitis management: an update. Nasirian H, Tarvijeslami S, Matini E, Bayesh S, Omaraee Y. Peripheral lymphadenopathy: approach and diagnostic tools. Mohseni S, Shojaiefard A, Khorgami Z, Alinejad S, Ghorbani A, Ghafouri A. Etiological study of lymphadenopathy in HIV-infected patients in a tertiary care hospital. Nag D, Dey S, Nandi A, Bandyopadhyay R, Roychowdhury D, Roy R. Infantile Rosai-Dorfman disease: an unusual case of neck swelling and a literature review. Inflammation in focus: the beginning and the end. National Human Genome Research Institute. ![]()
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